Building PCRE without using autotools
-------------------------------------

This document contains the following sections:

  General
  Generic instructions for the PCRE C library
  The C++ wrapper functions
  Building for virtual Pascal
  Stack size in Windows environments
  Linking programs in Windows environments
  Comments about Win32 builds
  Building PCRE on Windows with CMake
  Use of relative paths with CMake on Windows
  Testing with RunTest.bat
  Building under Windows with BCC5.5
  Building PCRE on OpenVMS
  Building PCRE on Stratus OpenVOS
  Building PCRE on native z/OS and z/VM


GENERAL

I (Philip Hazel) have no experience of Windows or VMS sytems and how their
libraries work. The items in the PCRE distribution and Makefile that relate to
anything other than Linux systems are untested by me.

There are some other comments and files (including some documentation in CHM
format) in the Contrib directory on the FTP site:

  ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/Contrib

The basic PCRE library consists entirely of code written in Standard C, and so
should compile successfully on any system that has a Standard C compiler and
library. The C++ wrapper functions are a separate issue (see below).

The PCRE distribution includes a "configure" file for use by the configure/make
(autotools) build system, as found in many Unix-like environments. The README
file contains information about the options for "configure".

There is also support for CMake, which some users prefer, especially in Windows
environments, though it can also be run in Unix-like environments. See the
section entitled "Building PCRE on Windows with CMake" below.

Versions of config.h and pcre.h are distributed in the PCRE tarballs under the
names config.h.generic and pcre.h.generic. These are provided for those who
build PCRE without using "configure" or CMake. If you use "configure" or CMake,
the .generic versions are not used.


GENERIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PCRE C LIBRARY

The following are generic instructions for building the PCRE C library "by
hand". If you are going to use CMake, this section does not apply to you; you
can skip ahead to the CMake section.

 (1) Copy or rename the file config.h.generic as config.h, and edit the macro
     settings that it contains to whatever is appropriate for your environment.

     In particular, you can alter the definition of the NEWLINE macro to
     specify what character(s) you want to be interpreted as line terminators.
     In an EBCDIC environment, you MUST change NEWLINE, because its default
     value is 10, an ASCII LF. The usual EBCDIC newline character is 21 (0x15,
     NL), though in some cases it may be 37 (0x25).

     When you compile any of the PCRE modules, you must specify -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
     to your compiler so that config.h is included in the sources.

     An alternative approach is not to edit config.h, but to use -D on the
     compiler command line to make any changes that you need to the
     configuration options. In this case -DHAVE_CONFIG_H must not be set.

     NOTE: There have been occasions when the way in which certain parameters
     in config.h are used has changed between releases. (In the configure/make
     world, this is handled automatically.) When upgrading to a new release,
     you are strongly advised to review config.h.generic before re-using what
     you had previously.

 (2) Copy or rename the file pcre.h.generic as pcre.h.

 (3) EITHER:
       Copy or rename file pcre_chartables.c.dist as pcre_chartables.c.

     OR:
       Compile dftables.c as a stand-alone program (using -DHAVE_CONFIG_H if
       you have set up config.h), and then run it with the single argument
       "pcre_chartables.c". This generates a set of standard character tables
       and writes them to that file. The tables are generated using the default
       C locale for your system. If you want to use a locale that is specified
       by LC_xxx environment variables, add the -L option to the dftables
       command. You must use this method if you are building on a system that
       uses EBCDIC code.

     The tables in pcre_chartables.c are defaults. The caller of PCRE can
     specify alternative tables at run time.

 (4) Ensure that you have the following header files:

       pcre_internal.h
       ucp.h

 (5) For an 8-bit library, compile the following source files, setting
     -DHAVE_CONFIG_H as a compiler option if you have set up config.h with your
     configuration, or else use other -D settings to change the configuration
     as required.

       pcre_byte_order.c
       pcre_chartables.c
       pcre_compile.c
       pcre_config.c
       pcre_dfa_exec.c
       pcre_exec.c
       pcre_fullinfo.c
       pcre_get.c
       pcre_globals.c
       pcre_jit_compile.c
       pcre_maketables.c
       pcre_newline.c
       pcre_ord2utf8.c
       pcre_refcount.c
       pcre_string_utils.c
       pcre_study.c
       pcre_tables.c
       pcre_ucd.c
       pcre_valid_utf8.c
       pcre_version.c
       pcre_xclass.c

     Make sure that you include -I. in the compiler command (or equivalent for
     an unusual compiler) so that all included PCRE header files are first
     sought in the current directory. Otherwise you run the risk of picking up
     a previously-installed file from somewhere else.

     Note that you must still compile pcre_jit_compile.c, even if you have not
     defined SUPPORT_JIT in config.h, because when JIT support is not
     configured, dummy functions are compiled. When JIT support IS configured,
     pcre_jit_compile.c #includes sources from the sljit subdirectory, where
     there should be 16 files, all of whose names begin with "sljit".

 (6) Now link all the compiled code into an object library in whichever form
     your system keeps such libraries. This is the basic PCRE C 8-bit library.
     If your system has static and shared libraries, you may have to do this
     once for each type.

 (7) If you want to build a 16-bit library (as well as, or instead of the 8-bit
     or 32-bit libraries) repeat steps 5-6 with the following files:

       pcre16_byte_order.c
       pcre16_chartables.c
       pcre16_compile.c
       pcre16_config.c
       pcre16_dfa_exec.c
       pcre16_exec.c
       pcre16_fullinfo.c
       pcre16_get.c
       pcre16_globals.c
       pcre16_jit_compile.c
       pcre16_maketables.c
       pcre16_newline.c
       pcre16_ord2utf16.c
       pcre16_refcount.c
       pcre16_string_utils.c
       pcre16_study.c
       pcre16_tables.c
       pcre16_ucd.c
       pcre16_utf16_utils.c
       pcre16_valid_utf16.c
       pcre16_version.c
       pcre16_xclass.c

 (7') If you want to build a 16-bit library (as well as, or instead of the 8-bit
     or 32-bit libraries) repeat steps 5-6 with the following files:

       pcre32_byte_order.c
       pcre32_chartables.c
       pcre32_compile.c
       pcre32_config.c
       pcre32_dfa_exec.c
       pcre32_exec.c
       pcre32_fullinfo.c
       pcre32_get.c
       pcre32_globals.c
       pcre32_jit_compile.c
       pcre32_maketables.c
       pcre32_newline.c
       pcre32_ord2utf32.c
       pcre32_refcount.c
       pcre32_string_utils.c
       pcre32_study.c
       pcre32_tables.c
       pcre32_ucd.c
       pcre32_utf32_utils.c
       pcre32_valid_utf32.c
       pcre32_version.c
       pcre32_xclass.c

 (8) If you want to build the POSIX wrapper functions (which apply only to the
     8-bit library), ensure that you have the pcreposix.h file and then compile
     pcreposix.c (remembering -DHAVE_CONFIG_H if necessary). Link the result
     (on its own) as the pcreposix library.

 (9) The pcretest program can be linked with any combination of the 8-bit, 16-bit
     and 32-bit libraries (depending on what you selected in config.h). Compile
     pcretest.c and pcre_printint.c (again, don't forget -DHAVE_CONFIG_H) and
     link them together with the appropriate library/ies. If you compiled an
     8-bit library, pcretest also needs the pcreposix wrapper library unless
     you compiled it with -DNOPOSIX.

(10) Run pcretest on the testinput files in the testdata directory, and check
     that the output matches the corresponding testoutput files. There are
     comments about what each test does in the section entitled "Testing PCRE"
     in the README file. If you compiled more than one of the 8-bit, 16-bit and
     32-bit libraries, you need to run pcretest with the -16 option to do 16-bit
     tests and with the -32 option to do 32-bit tests.

     Some tests are relevant only when certain build-time options are selected.
     For example, test 4 is for UTF-8/UTF-16/UTF-32 support, and will not run if
     you have built PCRE without it. See the comments at the start of each
     testinput file. If you have a suitable Unix-like shell, the RunTest script
     will run the appropriate tests for you.

     Note that the supplied files are in Unix format, with just LF characters
     as line terminators. You may need to edit them to change this if your
     system uses a different convention. If you are using Windows, you probably
     should use the wintestinput3 file instead of testinput3 (and the
     corresponding output file). This is a locale test; wintestinput3 sets the
     locale to "french" rather than "fr_FR", and there some minor output
     differences.

(11) If you have built PCRE with SUPPORT_JIT, the JIT features will be tested
     by the testdata files. However, you might also like to build and run
     the JIT test program, pcre_jit_test.c.

(12) If you want to use the pcregrep command, compile and link pcregrep.c; it
     uses only the basic 8-bit PCRE library (it does not need the pcreposix
     library).


THE C++ WRAPPER FUNCTIONS

The PCRE distribution also contains some C++ wrapper functions and tests,
applicable to the 8-bit library, which were contributed by Google Inc. On a
system that can use "configure" and "make", the functions are automatically
built into a library called pcrecpp. It should be straightforward to compile
the .cc files manually on other systems. The files called xxx_unittest.cc are
test programs for each of the corresponding xxx.cc files.


BUILDING FOR VIRTUAL PASCAL

A script for building PCRE using Borland's C++ compiler for use with VPASCAL
was contributed by Alexander Tokarev. Stefan Weber updated the script and added
additional files. The following files in the distribution are for building PCRE
for use with VP/Borland: makevp_c.txt, makevp_l.txt, makevp.bat, pcregexp.pas.


STACK SIZE IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS

The default processor stack size of 1Mb in some Windows environments is too
small for matching patterns that need much recursion. In particular, test 2 may
fail because of this. Normally, running out of stack causes a crash, but there
have been cases where the test program has just died silently. See your linker
documentation for how to increase stack size if you experience problems. The
Linux default of 8Mb is a reasonable choice for the stack, though even that can
be too small for some pattern/subject combinations.

PCRE has a compile configuration option to disable the use of stack for
recursion so that heap is used instead. However, pattern matching is
significantly slower when this is done. There is more about stack usage in the
"pcrestack" documentation.


LINKING PROGRAMS IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS

If you want to statically link a program against a PCRE library in the form of
a non-dll .a file, you must define PCRE_STATIC before including pcre.h or
pcrecpp.h, otherwise the pcre_malloc() and pcre_free() exported functions will
be declared __declspec(dllimport), with unwanted results.


CALLING CONVENTIONS IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENTS

It is possible to compile programs to use different calling conventions using
MSVC. Search the web for "calling conventions" for more information. To make it
easier to change the calling convention for the exported functions in the
PCRE library, the macro PCRE_CALL_CONVENTION is present in all the external
definitions. It can be set externally when compiling (e.g. in CFLAGS). If it is
not set, it defaults to empty; the default calling convention is then used
(which is what is wanted most of the time).


COMMENTS ABOUT WIN32 BUILDS (see also "BUILDING PCRE ON WINDOWS WITH CMAKE")

There are two ways of building PCRE using the "configure, make, make install"
paradigm on Windows systems: using MinGW or using Cygwin. These are not at all
the same thing; they are completely different from each other. There is also
support for building using CMake, which some users find a more straightforward
way of building PCRE under Windows.

The MinGW home page (http://www.mingw.org/) says this:

  MinGW: A collection of freely available and freely distributable Windows
  specific header files and import libraries combined with GNU toolsets that
  allow one to produce native Windows programs that do not rely on any
  3rd-party C runtime DLLs.

The Cygwin home page (http://www.cygwin.com/) says this:

  Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of two parts:

  . A DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API emulation layer providing
    substantial Linux API functionality

  . A collection of tools which provide Linux look and feel.

  The Cygwin DLL currently works with all recent, commercially released x86 32
  bit and 64 bit versions of Windows, with the exception of Windows CE.

On both MinGW and Cygwin, PCRE should build correctly using:

  ./configure && make && make install

This should create two libraries called libpcre and libpcreposix, and, if you
have enabled building the C++ wrapper, a third one called libpcrecpp. These are
independent libraries: when you link with libpcreposix or libpcrecpp you must
also link with libpcre, which contains the basic functions. (Some earlier
releases of PCRE included the basic libpcre functions in libpcreposix. This no
longer happens.)

A user submitted a special-purpose patch that makes it easy to create
"pcre.dll" under mingw32 using the "msys" environment. It provides "pcre.dll"
as a special target. If you use this target, no other files are built, and in
particular, the pcretest and pcregrep programs are not built. An example of how
this might be used is:

  ./configure --enable-utf --disable-cpp CFLAGS="-03 -s"; make pcre.dll

Using Cygwin's compiler generates libraries and executables that depend on
cygwin1.dll. If a library that is generated this way is distributed,
cygwin1.dll has to be distributed as well. Since cygwin1.dll is under the GPL
licence, this forces not only PCRE to be under the GPL, but also the entire
application. A distributor who wants to keep their own code proprietary must
purchase an appropriate Cygwin licence.

MinGW has no such restrictions. The MinGW compiler generates a library or
executable that can run standalone on Windows without any third party dll or
licensing issues.

But there is more complication:

If a Cygwin user uses the -mno-cygwin Cygwin gcc flag, what that really does is
to tell Cygwin's gcc to use the MinGW gcc. Cygwin's gcc is only acting as a
front end to MinGW's gcc (if you install Cygwin's gcc, you get both Cygwin's
gcc and MinGW's gcc). So, a user can:

. Build native binaries by using MinGW or by getting Cygwin and using
  -mno-cygwin.

. Build binaries that depend on cygwin1.dll by using Cygwin with the normal
  compiler flags.

The test files that are supplied with PCRE are in UNIX format, with LF
characters as line terminators. Unless your PCRE library uses a default newline
option that includes LF as a valid newline, it may be necessary to change the
line terminators in the test files to get some of the tests to work.


BUILDING PCRE ON WINDOWS WITH CMAKE

CMake is an alternative configuration facility that can be used instead of
"configure". CMake creates project files (make files, solution files, etc.)
tailored to numerous development environments, including Visual Studio,
Borland, Msys, MinGW, NMake, and Unix. If possible, use short paths with no
spaces in the names for your CMake installation and your PCRE source and build
directories.

The following instructions were contributed by a PCRE user. If they are not
followed exactly, errors may occur. In the event that errors do occur, it is
recommended that you delete the CMake cache before attempting to repeat the
CMake build process. In the CMake GUI, the cache can be deleted by selecting
"File > Delete Cache".

1.  Install the latest CMake version available from http://www.cmake.org/, and
    ensure that cmake\bin is on your path.

2.  Unzip (retaining folder structure) the PCRE source tree into a source
    directory such as C:\pcre. You should ensure your local date and time
    is not earlier than the file dates in your source dir if the release is
    very new.

3.  Create a new, empty build directory, preferably a subdirectory of the
    source dir. For example, C:\pcre\pcre-xx\build.

4.  Run cmake-gui from the Shell envirornment of your build tool, for example,
    Msys for Msys/MinGW or Visual Studio Command Prompt for VC/VC++. Do not try
    to start Cmake from the Windows Start menu, as this can lead to errors.

5.  Enter C:\pcre\pcre-xx and C:\pcre\pcre-xx\build for the source and build
    directories, respectively.

6.  Hit the "Configure" button.

7.  Select the particular IDE / build tool that you are using (Visual
    Studio, MSYS makefiles, MinGW makefiles, etc.)

8.  The GUI will then list several configuration options. This is where
    you can enable UTF-8 support or other PCRE optional features.

9.  Hit "Configure" again. The adjacent "Generate" button should now be
    active.

10. Hit "Generate".

11. The build directory should now contain a usable build system, be it a
    solution file for Visual Studio, makefiles for MinGW, etc. Exit from
    cmake-gui and use the generated build system with your compiler or IDE.
    E.g., for MinGW you can run "make", or for Visual Studio, open the PCRE
    solution, select the desired configuration (Debug, or Release, etc.) and
    build the ALL_BUILD project.

12. If during configuration with cmake-gui you've elected to build the test
    programs, you can execute them by building the test project. E.g., for
    MinGW: "make test"; for Visual Studio build the RUN_TESTS project. The
    most recent build configuration is targeted by the tests. A summary of
    test results is presented. Complete test output is subsequently
    available for review in Testing\Temporary under your build dir.


USE OF RELATIVE PATHS WITH CMAKE ON WINDOWS

A PCRE user comments as follows:

I thought that others may want to know the current state of
CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS support on Windows.

Here it is:
-- AdditionalIncludeDirectories is only partially modified (only the
first path - see below)
-- Only some of the contained file paths are modified - shown below for
pcre.vcproj
-- It properly modifies

I am sure CMake people can fix that if they want to. Until then one will
need to replace existing absolute paths in project files with relative
paths manually (e.g. from VS) - relative to project file location. I did
just that before being told to try CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS. Not a big
deal.

AdditionalIncludeDirectories="E:\builds\pcre\build;E:\builds\pcre\pcre-7.5;"
AdditionalIncludeDirectories=".;E:\builds\pcre\pcre-7.5;"

RelativePath="pcre.h">
RelativePath="pcre_chartables.c">
RelativePath="pcre_chartables.c.rule">


TESTING WITH RUNTEST.BAT

If configured with CMake, building the test project ("make test" or building
ALL_TESTS in Visual Studio) creates (and runs) pcre_test.bat (and depending
on your configuration options, possibly other test programs) in the build
directory. Pcre_test.bat runs RunTest.Bat with correct source and exe paths.

For manual testing with RunTest.bat, provided the build dir is a subdirectory
of the source directory: Open command shell window. Chdir to the location
of your pcretest.exe and pcregrep.exe programs. Call RunTest.bat with
"..\RunTest.Bat" or "..\..\RunTest.bat" as appropriate.

To run only a particular test with RunTest.Bat provide a test number argument.

Otherwise:

1. Copy RunTest.bat into the directory where pcretest.exe and pcregrep.exe
   have been created.

2. Edit RunTest.bat to indentify the full or relative location of
   the pcre source (wherein which the testdata folder resides), e.g.:

   set srcdir=C:\pcre\pcre-8.20

3. In a Windows command environment, chdir to the location of your bat and
   exe programs.

4. Run RunTest.bat. Test outputs will automatically be compared to expected
   results, and discrepancies will be identified in the console output.

To independently test the just-in-time compiler, run pcre_jit_test.exe.
To test pcrecpp, run pcrecpp_unittest.exe, pcre_stringpiece_unittest.exe and
pcre_scanner_unittest.exe.


BUILDING UNDER WINDOWS WITH BCC5.5

Michael Roy sent these comments about building PCRE under Windows with BCC5.5:

  Some of the core BCC libraries have a version of PCRE from 1998 built in,
  which can lead to pcre_exec() giving an erroneous PCRE_ERROR_NULL from a
  version mismatch. I'm including an easy workaround below, if you'd like to
  include it in the non-unix instructions:

  When linking a project with BCC5.5, pcre.lib must be included before any of
  the libraries cw32.lib, cw32i.lib, cw32mt.lib, and cw32mti.lib on the command
  line.


BUILDING UNDER WINDOWS CE WITH VISUAL STUDIO 200x

Vincent Richomme sent a zip archive of files to help with this process. They
can be found in the file "pcre-vsbuild.zip" in the Contrib directory of the FTP
site.


BUILDING PCRE ON OPENVMS

Dan Mooney sent the following comments about building PCRE on OpenVMS. They
relate to an older version of PCRE that used fewer source files, so the exact
commands will need changing. See the current list of source files above.

"It was quite easy to compile and link the library. I don't have a formal
make file but the attached file [reproduced below] contains the OpenVMS DCL
commands I used to build the library. I had to add #define
POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD 10 to pcre.h since it was not defined anywhere.

The library was built on:
O/S: HP OpenVMS v7.3-1
Compiler: Compaq C v6.5-001-48BCD
Linker: vA13-01

The test results did not match 100% due to the issues you mention in your
documentation regarding isprint(), iscntrl(), isgraph() and ispunct(). I
modified some of the character tables temporarily and was able to get the
results to match. Tests using the fr locale did not match since I don't have
that locale loaded. The study size was always reported to be 3 less than the
value in the standard test output files."

=========================
$! This DCL procedure builds PCRE on OpenVMS
$!
$! I followed the instructions in the non-unix-use file in the distribution.
$!
$ COMPILE == "CC/LIST/NOMEMBER_ALIGNMENT/PREFIX_LIBRARY_ENTRIES=ALL_ENTRIES
$ COMPILE DFTABLES.C
$ LINK/EXE=DFTABLES.EXE DFTABLES.OBJ
$ RUN DFTABLES.EXE/OUTPUT=CHARTABLES.C
$ COMPILE MAKETABLES.C
$ COMPILE GET.C
$ COMPILE STUDY.C
$! I had to set POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD to 10 in PCRE.H since the symbol
$! did not seem to be defined anywhere.
$! I edited pcre.h and added #DEFINE SUPPORT_UTF8 to enable UTF8 support.
$ COMPILE PCRE.C
$ LIB/CREATE PCRE MAKETABLES.OBJ, GET.OBJ, STUDY.OBJ, PCRE.OBJ
$! I had to set POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD to 10 in PCRE.H since the symbol
$! did not seem to be defined anywhere.
$ COMPILE PCREPOSIX.C
$ LIB/CREATE PCREPOSIX PCREPOSIX.OBJ
$ COMPILE PCRETEST.C
$ LINK/EXE=PCRETEST.EXE PCRETEST.OBJ, PCRE/LIB, PCREPOSIX/LIB
$! C programs that want access to command line arguments must be
$! defined as a symbol
$ PCRETEST :== "$ SYS$ROADSUSERS:[DMOONEY.REGEXP]PCRETEST.EXE"
$! Arguments must be enclosed in quotes.
$ PCRETEST "-C"
$! Test results:
$!
$!   The test results did not match 100%. The functions isprint(), iscntrl(),
$!   isgraph() and ispunct() on OpenVMS must not produce the same results
$!   as the system that built the test output files provided with the
$!   distribution.
$!
$!   The study size did not match and was always 3 less on OpenVMS.
$!
$!   Locale could not be set to fr
$!
=========================


BUILDING PCRE ON STRATUS OPENVOS

These notes on the port of PCRE to VOS (lightly edited) were supplied by
Ashutosh Warikoo, whose email address has the local part awarikoo and the
domain nse.co.in. The port was for version 7.9 in August 2009.

1.   Building PCRE

I built pcre on OpenVOS Release 17.0.1at using GNU Tools 3.4a without any
problems. I used the following packages to build PCRE:

  ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/posix/ga/posix.save.evf.gz

Please read and follow the instructions that come with these packages. To start
the build of pcre, from the root of the package type:

  ./build.sh

2. Installing PCRE

Once you have successfully built PCRE, login to the SysAdmin group, switch to
the root user, and type

  [ !create_dir (master_disk)>usr   --if needed ]
  [ !create_dir (master_disk)>usr>local   --if needed ]
    !gmake install

This installs PCRE and its man pages into /usr/local. You can add
(master_disk)>usr>local>bin to your command search paths, or if you are in
BASH, add /usr/local/bin to the PATH environment variable.

4. Restrictions

This port requires readline library optionally. However during the build I
faced some yet unexplored errors while linking with readline. As it was an
optional component I chose to disable it.

5. Known Problems

I ran the test suite, but you will have to be your own judge of whether this
command, and this port, suits your purposes. If you find any problems that
appear to be related to the port itself, please let me know. Please see the
build.log file in the root of the package also.


BUILDING PCRE ON NATIVE Z/OS AND Z/VM

z/OS and z/VM are operating systems for mainframe computers, produced by IBM.
The character code used is EBCDIC, not ASCII or Unicode. In z/OS, UNIX APIs and
applications can be supported through UNIX System Services, and in such an
environment PCRE can be built in the same way as in other systems. However, in
native z/OS (without UNIX System Services) and in z/VM, special ports are
required. For details, please see this web site:

  http://www.zaconsultants.net

There is also a mirror here:

  http://www.vsoft-software.com/downloads.html

==========================
Last Updated: 21 November 2012
