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This commit is contained in:
2026-09-13 22:18:11 +01:00
commit 08c03ac533
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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2020, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
###########################################################################
set(MANPAGE "${CURL_BINARY_DIR}/docs/curl.1")
# Load DPAGES and OTHERPAGES from shared file
transform_makefile_inc("Makefile.inc" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Makefile.inc.cmake")
include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Makefile.inc.cmake")
add_custom_command(OUTPUT "${MANPAGE}"
COMMAND "${PERL_EXECUTABLE}" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gen.pl" mainpage "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" > "${MANPAGE}"
DEPENDS ${DPAGES} ${OTHERPAGES}
VERBATIM
)
add_custom_target(generate-curl.1 DEPENDS "${MANPAGE}")
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# curl man page generator
This is the curl man page generator. It generates a single nroff man page
output from the set of sources files in this directory.
There is one source file for each supported command line option. The format is
described below.
## Option files
Each command line option is described in a file named `<long name>.d`, where
option name is written without any prefixing dashes. Like the file name for
the -v, --verbose option is named `verbose.d`.
Each file has a set of meta-data and a body of text.
### Meta-data
Short: (single letter, without dash)
Long: (long form name, without dashes)
Arg: (the argument the option takes)
Magic: (description of "magic" options)
Tags: (space separated list)
Protocols: (space separated list for which protocols this option works)
Added: (version number in which this was added)
Mutexed: (space separated list of options this overrides, no dashes)
Requires: (space separated list of features this requires, no dashes)
See-also: (space separated list of related options, no dashes)
Help: (short text for the --help output for this option)
--- (end of meta-data)
### Body
The body of the description. Only refer to options with their long form option
version, like --verbose. The output generator will replace such with the
correct markup that shows both short and long version.
## Header
`page-header` is the nroff formatted file that will be output before the
generated options output for the master man page.
## Generate
`./gen.pl mainpage`
This command outputs a single huge nroff file, meant to become `curl.1`. The
full curl man page.
`./gen.pl listhelp`
Generates a full `curl --help` output for all known command line options.
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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2020, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
###########################################################################
AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign no-dependencies
MANPAGE = $(top_builddir)/docs/curl.1
include Makefile.inc
EXTRA_DIST = $(DPAGES) MANPAGE.md gen.pl $(OTHERPAGES) CMakeLists.txt
all: $(MANPAGE)
$(MANPAGE): $(DPAGES) $(OTHERPAGES) Makefile.inc
@echo "generate $(MANPAGE)"
@(cd $(srcdir) && @PERL@ ./gen.pl mainpage $(DPAGES)) > $(MANPAGE)
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#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2020, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
###########################################################################
#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2020, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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#
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proxy-digest.d \
proxy-header.d \
proxy-insecure.d \
proxy-key-type.d \
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proxy-negotiate.d \
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proxy-pass.d \
proxy-pinnedpubkey.d \
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proxy-ssl-allow-beast.d \
proxy-tls13-ciphers.d \
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proxy-tlsuser.d \
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proxy-user.d \
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proxy1.0.d \
proxytunnel.d \
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random-file.d \
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referer.d \
remote-header-name.d \
remote-name-all.d \
remote-name.d \
remote-time.d \
request-target.d \
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upload-file.d \
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aws-sigv4.d \
version.d \
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# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
.NOEXPORT:
+244
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@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2020, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
###########################################################################
# Shared between Makefile.am and CMakeLists.txt
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alt-svc.d \
anyauth.d \
append.d basic.d \
cacert.d capath.d \
cert-status.d \
cert-type.d \
cert.d \
ciphers.d \
compressed-ssh.d \
compressed.d \
config.d \
connect-timeout.d \
connect-to.d \
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cookie-jar.d \
cookie.d \
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delegation.d \
digest.d \
disable-eprt.d \
disable-epsv.d \
disable.d \
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dns-interface.d \
dns-ipv4-addr.d \
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dns-servers.d \
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ftp-port.d \
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ftp-skip-pasv-ip.d \
ftp-ssl-ccc-mode.d \
ftp-ssl-ccc.d \
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get.d globoff.d \
happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms.d \
haproxy-protocol.d \
head.d header.d \
help.d \
hostpubmd5.d \
hsts.d \
http0.9.d \
http1.0.d \
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http3.d \
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include.d \
insecure.d \
interface.d \
ipv4.d ipv6.d \
junk-session-cookies.d \
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krb.d libcurl.d \
limit-rate.d \
list-only.d \
local-port.d \
location-trusted.d \
location.d \
login-options.d \
mail-auth.d \
mail-from.d \
mail-rcpt-allowfails.d \
mail-rcpt.d \
manual.d \
max-filesize.d \
max-redirs.d \
max-time.d \
metalink.d \
negotiate.d \
netrc-file.d \
netrc-optional.d \
netrc.d \
next.d no-alpn.d \
no-buffer.d \
no-keepalive.d \
no-npn.d \
no-progress-meter.d \
no-sessionid.d \
noproxy.d \
ntlm.d ntlm-wb.d \
oauth2-bearer.d \
output.d \
output-dir.d \
parallel-immediate.d \
parallel-max.d \
parallel.d \
pass.d \
path-as-is.d \
pinnedpubkey.d \
post301.d \
post302.d \
post303.d \
preproxy.d \
progress-bar.d \
proto-default.d \
proto-redir.d \
proto.d \
proxy-anyauth.d \
proxy-basic.d \
proxy-cacert.d \
proxy-capath.d \
proxy-cert-type.d \
proxy-cert.d \
proxy-ciphers.d \
proxy-crlfile.d \
proxy-digest.d \
proxy-header.d \
proxy-insecure.d \
proxy-key-type.d \
proxy-key.d \
proxy-negotiate.d \
proxy-ntlm.d \
proxy-pass.d \
proxy-pinnedpubkey.d \
proxy-service-name.d \
proxy-ssl-allow-beast.d \
proxy-tls13-ciphers.d \
proxy-tlsauthtype.d \
proxy-tlspassword.d \
proxy-tlsuser.d \
proxy-tlsv1.d \
proxy-user.d \
proxy.d \
proxy1.0.d \
proxytunnel.d \
pubkey.d quote.d \
random-file.d \
range.d raw.d \
referer.d \
remote-header-name.d \
remote-name-all.d \
remote-name.d \
remote-time.d \
request-target.d \
request.d \
resolve.d \
retry-all-errors.d \
retry-connrefused.d \
retry-delay.d \
retry-max-time.d \
retry.d \
sasl-authzid.d \
sasl-ir.d \
service-name.d \
show-error.d \
silent.d \
socks4.d socks5.d \
socks4a.d \
socks5-basic.d \
socks5-gssapi-nec.d \
socks5-gssapi-service.d \
socks5-gssapi.d \
socks5-hostname.d \
speed-limit.d \
speed-time.d \
ssl-allow-beast.d \
ssl-no-revoke.d \
ssl-reqd.d \
ssl-revoke-best-effort.d \
ssl.d \
sslv2.d sslv3.d \
stderr.d \
styled-output.d \
suppress-connect-headers.d \
tcp-fastopen.d \
tcp-nodelay.d \
telnet-option.d \
tftp-blksize.d \
tftp-no-options.d \
time-cond.d \
tls-max.d \
tls13-ciphers.d \
tlsauthtype.d \
tlspassword.d \
tlsuser.d \
tlsv1.0.d \
tlsv1.1.d \
tlsv1.2.d \
tlsv1.3.d tlsv1.d \
tr-encoding.d \
trace-ascii.d \
trace-time.d \
trace.d \
unix-socket.d \
upload-file.d \
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OTHERPAGES = page-footer page-header
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
Long: abstract-unix-socket
Arg: <path>
Help: Connect via abstract Unix domain socket
Added: 7.53.0
Protocols: HTTP
Category: connection
---
Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead of using the network.
Note: netstat shows the path of an abstract socket prefixed with '@', however
the <path> argument should not have this leading character.
+18
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
Long: alt-svc
Arg: <file name>
Protocols: HTTPS
Help: Enable alt-svc with this cache file
Added: 7.64.1
Category: http
---
WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production.
This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the file name points to an
existing alt-svc cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer,
the cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle the cache in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.
+18
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
Long: anyauth
Help: Pick any authentication method
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: proxy-anyauth basic digest
Category: http proxy auth
---
Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself, and use the most
secure one the remote site claims to support. This is done by first doing a
request and checking the response-headers, thus possibly inducing an extra
network round-trip. This is used instead of setting a specific authentication
method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate.
Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin, since it may
require data to be sent twice and then the client must be able to rewind. If
the need should arise when uploading from stdin, the upload operation will
fail.
Used together with --user.
+9
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
Short: a
Long: append
Help: Append to target file when uploading
Protocols: FTP SFTP
Category: ftp sftp
---
When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the target file instead of
overwriting it. If the remote file doesn't exist, it will be created. Note
that this flag is ignored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).
+17
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@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
Long: aws-sigv4
Arg: <provider1[:provider2[:region[:service]]]>
Help: Use AWS V4 signature authentication
Category: auth http
Added: 7.75.0
---
Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer.
The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm when creating
outgoing authentication headers.
The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area of
a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is omitted from
the endpoint.
The service argument is a string that points to a function provided by a cloud
(service-code) when the service name is omitted from the endpoint.
+12
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
Long: basic
Help: Use HTTP Basic Authentication
See-also: proxy-basic
Protocols: HTTP
Category: auth
---
Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the remote host. This is the
default and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it to override a
previously set option that sets a different authentication method (such as
--ntlm, --digest, or --negotiate).
Used together with --user.
+34
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
Long: cacert
Arg: <file>
Help: CA certificate to verify peer against
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file
may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM
format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option
is typically used to alter that default file.
curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE' if it is
set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert bundle. This option
overrides that variable.
The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA certs file named
\'curl-ca-bundle.crt\', either in the same directory as curl.exe, or in the
Current Working Directory, or in any folder along your PATH.
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library, the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module
(libnsspem.so) needs to be available for this option to work properly.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then this
option is supported for backward compatibility with other SSL engines, but it
should not be set. If the option is not set, then curl will use the
certificates in the system and user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the
preferred method of verifying the peer's certificate chain.
(Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows 7 or later with
libcurl 7.60 or later. This option is supported for backward compatibility
with other SSL engines; instead it is recommended to use Windows' store of
root certificates (the default for Schannel).
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
+16
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
Long: capath
Arg: <dir>
Help: CA directory to verify peer against
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to verify the
peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating them with ":" (e.g.
\&"path1:path2:path3"). The certificates must be in PEM format, and if curl is
built against OpenSSL, the directory must have been processed using the
c_rehash utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow
OpenSSL-powered curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using
--cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.
If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored, and if it is
used several times, the last one will be used.
+14
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@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
Long: cert-status
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.41.0
Help: Verify the status of the server certificate
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate by using the
Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS extension.
If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g. expired)
response, if the response suggests that the server certificate has been revoked,
or no response at all is received, the verification fails.
This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS backends.
+11
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Long: cert-type
Protocols: TLS
Arg: <type>
Help: Certificate type (DER/PEM/ENG)
See-also: cert key key-type
Category: tls
---
Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is using. PEM, DER, ENG
and P12 are recognized types. If not specified, PEM is assumed.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
+51
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
Short: E
Long: cert
Arg: <certificate[:password]>
Help: Client certificate file and password
Protocols: TLS
See-also: cert-type key key-type
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a file
with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. The certificate must be in
PKCS#12 format if using Secure Transport, or PEM format if using any other
engine. If the optional password isn't specified, it will be queried for on
the terminal. Note that this option assumes a \&"certificate" file that is the
private key and the client certificate concatenated! See --cert and --key to
specify them independently.
If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option can tell
curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the NSS database defined
by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the
NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) is available then PEM files may be
loaded. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please precede
it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname. If the
nickname contains ":", it needs to be preceded by "\\" so that it is not
recognized as password delimiter. If the nickname contains "\\", it needs to
be escaped as "\\\\" so that it is not recognized as an escape character.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a certificate located in
a PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --cert-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
(iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport, then the
certificate string can either be the name of a certificate/private key in the
system or user keychain, or the path to a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and
private key. If you want to use a file from the current directory, please
precede it with "./" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.
(Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path
expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not supported; you can
import it to a store first). You can use
"<store location>\\<store name>\\<thumbprint>" to refer to a certificate
in the system certificates store, for example,
"CurrentUser\\MY\\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a". Thumbprint is
usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate details. Following
store locations are supported: CurrentUser, LocalMachine, CurrentService,
Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy, LocalMachineGroupPolicy,
LocalMachineEnterprise.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
+12
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
Long: ciphers
Arg: <list of ciphers>
Help: SSL ciphers to use
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
---
Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list of ciphers must
specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this URL:
https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: compressed-ssh
Help: Enable SSH compression
Protocols: SCP SFTP
Added: 7.56.0
Category: scp ssh
---
Enables built-in SSH compression.
This is a request, not an order; the server may or may not do it.
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Long: compressed
Help: Request compressed response
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http
---
Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms curl supports, and
automatically decompress the content. Headers are not modified.
If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl will
report an error.
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Long: config
Arg: <file>
Help: Read config from a file
Short: K
Category: curl
---
Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command line arguments
found in the text file will be used as if they were provided on the command
line.
Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line in the file,
separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign. Long option names can
optionally be given in the config file without the initial double dashes and
if so, the colon or equals characters can be used as separators. If the option
is specified with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals character
between the option and its parameter.
If the parameter contains whitespace (or starts with : or =), the parameter
must be enclosed within quotes. Within double quotes, the following escape
sequences are available: \\\\, \\", \\t, \\n, \\r and \\v. A backslash
preceding any other letter is ignored. If the first column of a config line is
a '#' character, the rest of the line will be treated as a comment. Only write
one option per physical line in the config file.
Specify the filename to --config as '-' to make curl read the file from stdin.
Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify
it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own
line. So, it could look similar to this:
url = "https://curl.se/docs/"
When curl is invoked, it (unless --disable is used) checks for a default
config file and uses it if found. The default config file is checked for in
the following places in this order:
1) Use the CURL_HOME environment variable if set
2) Use the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable if set (Added in 7.73.0)
3) Use the HOME environment variable if set
4) Non-windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory
5) Windows: use APPDATA if set
6) Windows: use "USERPROFILE\Application Data" if set
7) On windows, if there is no .curlrc file in the home dir, it checks for one
in the same dir the curl executable is placed. On Unix-like systems, it will
simply try to load .curlrc from the determined home dir.
.nf
# --- Example file ---
# this is a comment
url = "example.com"
output = "curlhere.html"
user-agent = "superagent/1.0"
# and fetch another URL too
url = "example.com/docs/manpage.html"
-O
referer = "http://nowhereatall.example.com/"
# --- End of example file ---
.fi
This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config files.
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Long: connect-timeout
Arg: <seconds>
Help: Maximum time allowed for connection
See-also: max-time
Category: connection
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to take. This only
limits the connection phase, so if curl connects within the given period it
will continue - if not it will exit. Since version 7.32.0, this option
accepts decimal values.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: connect-to
Arg: <HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2>
Help: Connect to host
Added: 7.49.0
See-also: resolve header
Category: connection
---
For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to HOST2:PORT2 instead.
This option is suitable to direct requests at a specific server, e.g. at a
specific cluster node in a cluster of servers. This option is only used to
establish the network connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is
used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the application
protocols. "HOST1" and "PORT1" may be the empty string, meaning "any
host/port". "HOST2" and "PORT2" may also be the empty string, meaning "use the
request's original host/port".
A "host" specified to this option is compared as a string, so it needs to
match the name used in request URL. It can be either numerical such as
"127.0.0.1" or the full host name such as "example.org".
This option can be used many times to add many connect rules.
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Short: C
Long: continue-at
Arg: <offset>
Help: Resumed transfer offset
See-also: range
Category: connection
---
Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset. The given offset
is the exact number of bytes that will be skipped, counting from the beginning
of the source file before it is transferred to the destination. If used with
uploads, the FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.
Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to resume the
transfer. It then uses the given output/input files to figure that out.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Short: c
Long: cookie-jar
Arg: <filename>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Write cookies to <filename> after operation
Category: http
---
Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a completed
operation. Curl writes all cookies from its in-memory cookie storage to the
given file at the end of operations. If no cookies are known, no data will be
written. The file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If
you set the file name to a single dash, "-", the cookies will be written to
stdout.
This command line option will activate the cookie engine that makes curl
record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is to use the --cookie
option.
If the cookie jar can't be created or written to, the whole curl operation
won't fail or even report an error clearly. Using --verbose will get a warning
displayed, but that is the only visible feedback you get about this possibly
lethal situation.
If this option is used several times, the last specified file name will be
used.
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Short: b
Long: cookie
Arg: <data|filename>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Send cookies from string/file
Category: http
---
Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It is supposedly
the data previously received from the server in a "Set-Cookie:" line. The
data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2".
If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated as a filename
to read previously stored cookie from. This option also activates the cookie
engine which will make curl record incoming cookies, which may be handy if
you're using this in combination with the --location option or do multiple URL
transfers on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a minus ("-"), curl
will instead read the contents from stdin.
The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers
(Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.
The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cookies will be
written to the file. To store cookies, use the --cookie-jar option.
Exercise caution if you are using this option and multiple transfers may
occur. If you use the NAME1=VALUE1; format, or in a file use the Set-Cookie
format and don't specify a domain, then the cookie is sent for any domain
(even after redirects are followed) and cannot be modified by a server-set
cookie. If the cookie engine is enabled and a server sets a cookie of the same
name then both will be sent on a future transfer to that server, likely not
what you intended. To address these issues set a domain in Set-Cookie (doing
that will include sub domains) or use the Netscape format.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
Users very often want to both read cookies from a file and write updated
cookies back to a file, so using both --cookie and --cookie-jar in the same
command line is common.
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Long: create-dirs
Help: Create necessary local directory hierarchy
Category: curl
---
When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl will create the
necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This option creates the dirs
mentioned with the --output option, nothing else. If the --output file name
uses no dir or if the dirs it mentions already exist, no dir will be created.
Created dirs are made with mode 0750 on unix style file systems.
To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-create-dirs.
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Long: create-file-mode
Help: File mode for created files
Protocols: SFTP SCP FILE
Category: sftp scp file upload
See-also: ftp-create-dirs
Added: 7.75.0
---
When curl is used to create files remotely using one of the supported
protocols, this option allows the user to set which 'mode' to set on the file
at creation time, instead of the default 0644.
This options takes an octal number as argument.
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Long: crlf
Help: Convert LF to CRLF in upload
Protocols: FTP SMTP
Category: ftp smtp
---
Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).
(SMTP added in 7.40.0)
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Long: crlfile
Arg: <file>
Protocols: TLS
Help: Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
Added: 7.19.7
Category: tls
---
Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revocation List that may
specify peer certificates that are to be considered revoked.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: curves
Arg: <algorithm list>
Help: (EC) TLS key exchange algorithm(s) to request
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.73.0
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to request specific curves to use during SSL session establishment
according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple algorithms can be provided by separating
them with ":" (e.g. "X25519:P-521"). The parameter is available identically
in the "openssl s_client/s_server" utilities.
--curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections with exactly
the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding intransparent client/server
negotiations.
If this option is set, the default curves list built into openssl will be
ignored.
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Long: data-ascii
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST ASCII data
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http post upload
---
This is just an alias for --data.
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Long: data-binary
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST binary data
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http post upload
---
This posts data exactly as specified with no extra processing whatsoever.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a filename. Data
is posted in a similar manner as --data does, except that newlines and
carriage returns are preserved and conversions are never done.
Like --data the default content-type sent to the server is
application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be treated as
arbitrary binary data by the server then set the content-type to octet-stream:
-H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream".
If this option is used several times, the ones following the first will append
data as described in --data.
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Long: data-raw
Arg: <data>
Protocols: HTTP
Help: HTTP POST data, '@' allowed
Added: 7.43.0
See-also: data
Category: http post upload
---
This posts data similarly to --data but without the special
interpretation of the @ character.
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Long: data-urlencode
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST data url encoded
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: data data-raw
Added: 7.18.0
Category: http post upload
---
This posts data, similar to the other --data options with the exception
that this performs URL-encoding.
To be CGI-compliant, the <data> part should begin with a \fIname\fP followed
by a separator and a content specification. The <data> part can be passed to
curl using one of the following syntaxes:
.RS
.IP "content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. Just be careful
so that the content doesn't contain any = or @ symbols, as that will then make
the syntax match one of the other cases below!
.IP "=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that on. The preceding =
symbol is not included in the data.
.IP "name=content"
This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass that on. Note that
the name part is expected to be URL-encoded already.
.IP "@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST.
.IP "name@filename"
This will make curl load data from the given file (including any newlines),
URL-encode that data and pass it on in the POST. The name part gets an equal
sign appended, resulting in \fIname=urlencoded-file-content\fP. Note that the
name is expected to be URL-encoded already.
.RE
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Long: data
Short: d
Arg: <data>
Help: HTTP POST data
Protocols: HTTP MQTT
See-also: data-binary data-urlencode data-raw
Mutexed: form head upload-file
Category: important http post upload
---
Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way
that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the
submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the
content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to --form.
--data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special interpretation of
the @ character. To post data purely binary, you should instead use the
--data-binary option. To URL-encode the value of a form field you may use
--data-urlencode.
If any of these options is used more than once on the same command line, the
data pieces specified will be merged together with a separating
&-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy' would generate a post
chunk that looks like \&'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.
If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a file name to
read the data from, or - if you want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting
data from a file named \&'foobar' would thus be done with --data @foobar. When
--data is told to read from a file like that, carriage returns and newlines
will be stripped out. If you don't want the @ character to have a special
interpretation use --data-raw instead.
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Long: delegation
Arg: <LEVEL>
Help: GSS-API delegation permission
Protocols: GSS/kerberos
Category: auth
---
Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed to delegate when it
comes to user credentials.
.RS
.IP "none"
Don't allow any delegation.
.IP "policy"
Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set in the Kerberos
service ticket, which is a matter of realm policy.
.IP "always"
Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.
.RE
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Long: digest
Help: Use HTTP Digest Authentication
Protocols: HTTP
Mutexed: basic ntlm negotiate
See-also: user proxy-digest anyauth
Category: proxy auth http
---
Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authentication scheme that
prevents the password from being sent over the wire in clear text. Use this in
combination with the normal --user option to set user name and password.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used.
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Long: disable-eprt
Help: Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT
Protocols: FTP
Category: ftp
---
Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands when doing active
FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT
before using PORT, but with this option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and
LPRT are extensions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all
servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than the
traditional PORT command.
--eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt is an alias
for --disable-eprt.
If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no effect as EPRT
is necessary then.
Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to switch to
passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force it with --ftp-pasv.
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Long: disable-epsv
Help: Inhibit using EPSV
Protocols: FTP
Category: ftp
---
(FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when doing passive FTP
transfers. Curl will normally always first attempt to use EPSV before PASV,
but with this option, it will not try using EPSV.
--epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv is an alias
for --disable-epsv.
If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect as EPSV is
necessary then.
Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to switch to
active mode you need to use --ftp-port.
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Long: disable
Short: q
Help: Disable .curlrc
Category: curl
---
If used as the first parameter on the command line, the \fIcurlrc\fP config
file will not be read and used. See the --config for details on the default
config file search path.
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
Long: disallow-username-in-url
Help: Disallow username in url
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.61.0
See-also: proto
Category: curl http
---
This tells curl to exit if passed a url containing a username.
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Long: dns-interface
Arg: <interface>
Help: Interface to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-ipv4-addr dns-ipv6-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
---
Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through <interface>. This option is a
counterpart to --interface (which does not affect DNS). The supplied string
must be an interface name (not an address).
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Long: dns-ipv4-addr
Arg: <address>
Help: IPv4 address to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-interface dns-ipv6-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
---
Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv4 DNS requests, so that
the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a
single IPv4 address.
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Long: dns-ipv6-addr
Arg: <address>
Help: IPv6 address to use for DNS requests
Protocols: DNS
See-also: dns-interface dns-ipv4-addr
Added: 7.33.0
Requires: c-ares
Category: dns
---
Tell curl to bind to <ip-address> when making IPv6 DNS requests, so that
the DNS requests originate from this address. The argument should be a
single IPv6 address.
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Long: dns-servers
Arg: <addresses>
Help: DNS server addrs to use
Requires: c-ares
Added: 7.33.0
Category: dns
---
Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system default.
The list of IP addresses should be separated with commas. Port numbers
may also optionally be given as \fI:<port-number>\fP after each IP
address.
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Long: doh-url
Arg: <URL>
Help: Resolve host names over DOH
Protocols: all
Added: 7.62.0
Category: dns
---
Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DOH) server to use to resolve hostnames,
instead of using the default name resolver mechanism. The URL must be HTTPS.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: dump-header
Short: D
Arg: <filename>
Help: Write the received headers to <filename>
Protocols: HTTP FTP
See-also: output
Category: http ftp
---
Write the received protocol headers to the specified file.
This option is handy to use when you want to store the headers that an HTTP
site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could then be read in a second
curl invocation by using the --cookie option! The --cookie-jar option is a
better way to store cookies.
If no headers are received, the use of this option will create an empty file.
When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered being "headers"
and thus are saved there.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: egd-file
Arg: <file>
Help: EGD socket path for random data
Protocols: TLS
See-also: random-file
Category: tls
---
Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket. The socket is
used to seed the random engine for SSL connections.
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Long: engine
Arg: <name>
Help: Crypto engine to use
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
---
Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher operations. Use --engine
list to print a list of build-time supported engines. Note that not all (or
none) of the engines may be available at run-time.
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Long: etag-compare
Arg: <file>
Help: Pass an ETag from a file as a custom header
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.68.0
Category: http
---
This option makes a conditional HTTP request for the specific
ETag read from the given file by sending a custom If-None-Match
header using the extracted ETag.
For correct results, make sure that specified file contains only a single
line with a desired ETag. An empty file is parsed as an empty ETag.
Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a response, and
then use this option to compare using the saved ETag in a subsequent request.
\fBCOMPARISON\fP: There are 2 types of comparison or ETags: Weak and Strong.
This option expects, and uses a strong comparison.
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Long: etag-save
Arg: <file>
Help: Parse ETag from a request and save it to a file
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.68.0
Category: http
---
This option saves an HTTP ETag to the specified file. Etag is
usually part of headers returned by a request. When server sends an
ETag, it must be enveloped by a double quote. This option extracts the
ETag without the double quotes and saves it into the <file>.
A server can send a weak ETag which is prefixed by "W/". This identifier
is not considered, and only relevant ETag between quotation marks is parsed.
It an ETag wasn't sent by the server or it cannot be parsed, an empty
file is created.
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
Long: expect100-timeout
Arg: <seconds>
Help: How long to wait for 100-continue
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.47.0
See-also: connect-timeout
Category: http
---
Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a 100-continue
response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue header in its request. By
default curl will wait one second. This option accepts decimal values! When
curl stops waiting, it will continue as if the response has been received.
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Long: fail-early
Help: Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
Added: 7.52.0
Category: curl
---
Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.
When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line, it will
attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By default, it will ignore
errors if there are more URLs given and the last URL's success will determine
the error code curl returns. So early failures will be "hidden" by subsequent
successful transfers.
Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the first transfer
that fails, independent of the amount of URLs that are given on the command
line. This way, no transfer failures go undetected by scripts and similar.
This option is global and does not need to be specified for each use of --next.
This option does not imply --fail, which causes transfers to fail due to the
server's HTTP status code. You can combine the two options, however note --fail
is not global and is therefore contained by --next.
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Long: fail
Short: f
Protocols: HTTP
Help: Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors
Category: important http
---
Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This is mostly done to
enable scripts etc to better deal with failed attempts. In normal cases
when an HTTP server fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document
stating so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will prevent
curl from outputting that and return error 22.
This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-successful
response codes will slip through, especially when authentication is involved
(response codes 401 and 407).
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Long: false-start
Help: Enable TLS False Start
Protocols: TLS
Added: 7.42.0
Category: tls
---
Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake. False start is a mode
where a TLS client will start sending application data before verifying the
server's Finished message, thus saving a round trip when performing a full
handshake.
This is currently only implemented in the NSS and Secure Transport (on iOS 7.0
or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backends.
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Long: form-string
Help: Specify multipart MIME data
Protocols: HTTP SMTP IMAP
Arg: <name=string>
See-also: form
Category: http upload
---
Similar to --form except that the value string for the named parameter is used
literally. Leading \&'@' and \&'<' characters, and the \&';type=' string in
the value have no special meaning. Use this in preference to --form if
there's any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger the
\&'@' or \&'<' features of --form.
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Long: form
Short: F
Arg: <name=content>
Help: Specify multipart MIME data
Protocols: HTTP SMTP IMAP
Mutexed: data head upload-file
Category: http upload
---
For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emulate a filled-in form in which a
user has pressed the submit button. This causes curl to POST data using the
Content-Type multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388.
For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this is the mean to compose a multipart mail
message to transmit.
This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'content' part to be
a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To just get the content part from
a file, prefix the file name with the symbol <. The difference between @ and <
is then that @ makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while
the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text field from a
file.
Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using - as
filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin is used, the
contents is buffered in memory first by curl to determine its size and allow a
possible resend. Defining a part's data from a named non-regular file (such
as a named pipe or similar) is unfortunately not subject to buffering and will
be effectively read at transmission time; since the full size is unknown
before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by HTTP and rejected
by IMAP.
Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where \&'profile' is the name of the
form-field to which the file portrait.jpg will be the input:
curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi
Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the server:
curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/
Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it as a plain
text field, but get the contents for it from a local file:
curl -F "story=<hugefile.txt" https://example.com/
You can also tell curl what Content-Type to use by using 'type=', in a manner
similar to:
curl -F "[email protected];type=text/html" example.com
or
curl -F "name=daniel;type=text/foo" example.com
You can also explicitly change the name field of a file upload part by setting
filename=, like this:
curl -F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost" example.com
If filename/path contains ',' or ';', it must be quoted by double-quotes like:
curl -F "file=@\\"localfile\\";filename=\\"nameinpost\\"" example.com
or
curl -F 'file=@"localfile";filename="nameinpost"' example.com
Note that if a filename/path is quoted by double-quotes, any double-quote
or backslash within the filename must be escaped by backslash.
Quoting must also be applied to non-file data if it contains semicolons,
leading/trailing spaces or leading double quotes:
curl -F 'colors="red; green; blue";type=text/x-myapp' example.com
You can add custom headers to the field by setting headers=, like
curl -F "submit=OK;headers=\\"X-submit-type: OK\\"" example.com
or
curl -F "submit=OK;headers=@headerfile" example.com
The headers= keyword may appear more that once and above notes about quoting
apply. When headers are read from a file, Empty lines and lines starting
with '#' are comments and ignored; each header can be folded by splitting
between two words and starting the continuation line with a space; embedded
carriage-returns and trailing spaces are stripped.
Here is an example of a header file contents:
# This file contain two headers.
.br
X-header-1: this is a header
# The following header is folded.
.br
X-header-2: this is
.br
another header
To support sending multipart mail messages, the syntax is extended as follows:
.br
- name can be omitted: the equal sign is the first character of the argument,
.br
- if data starts with '(', this signals to start a new multipart: it can be
followed by a content type specification.
.br
- a multipart can be terminated with a '=)' argument.
Example: the following command sends an SMTP mime e-mail consisting in an
inline part in two alternative formats: plain text and HTML. It attaches a
text file:
curl -F '=(;type=multipart/alternative' \\
.br
-F '=plain text message' \\
.br
-F '= <body>HTML message</body>;type=text/html' \\
.br
-F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com
Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available encodings are
\fIbinary\fP and \fI8bit\fP that do nothing else than adding the corresponding
Content-Transfer-Encoding header, \fI7bit\fP that only rejects 8-bit characters
with a transfer error, \fIquoted-printable\fP and \fIbase64\fP that encodes
data according to the corresponding schemes, limiting lines length to
76 characters.
Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text message and a
base64 attached file:
curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \\
.br
-F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com
See further examples and details in the MANUAL.
This option can be used multiple times.
+11
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Long: ftp-account
Arg: <data>
Help: Account data string
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.13.0
Category: ftp auth
---
When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name and password has
been provided, this data is sent off using the ACCT command.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Long: ftp-alternative-to-user
Arg: <command>
Help: String to replace USER [name]
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.15.5
Category: ftp
---
If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails, send this command.
When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure Transport server over FTPS using a
client certificate, using "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the
username from the certificate.
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Long: ftp-create-dirs
Protocols: FTP SFTP
Help: Create the remote dirs if not present
See-also: create-dirs
Category: ftp sftp curl
---
When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that doesn't currently exist on
the server, the standard behavior of curl is to fail. Using this option, curl
will instead attempt to create missing directories.
+22
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Long: ftp-method
Arg: <method>
Help: Control CWD usage
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.15.1
Category: ftp
---
Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an FTP(S)
server. The method argument should be one of the following alternatives:
.RS
.IP multicwd
curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in the given URL. For deep
hierarchies this means very many commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should
be done. This is the default but the slowest behavior.
.IP nocwd
curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR etc and give a full
path to the server for all these commands. This is the fastest behavior.
.IP singlecwd
curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then operates on the file
\&"normally" (like in the multicwd case). This is somewhat more standards
compliant than 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.
.RE
+17
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Long: ftp-pasv
Help: Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.11.0
See-also: disable-epsv
Category: ftp
---
Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the internal default
behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previous --ftp-port
option.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. Undoing an
enforced passive really isn't doable but you must then instead enforce the
correct --ftp-port again.
Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and then PASV,
unless --disable-epsv is used.
+33
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Long: ftp-port
Arg: <address>
Help: Use PORT instead of PASV
Short: P
Protocols: FTP
See-also: ftp-pasv disable-eprt
Category: ftp
---
Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when connecting with FTP. This
option makes curl use active mode. curl then tells the server to connect back
to the client's specified address and port, while passive mode asks the server
to setup an IP address and port for it to connect to. <address> should be one
of:
.RS
.IP interface
e.g. "eth0" to specify which interface's IP address you want to use (Unix only)
.IP "IP address"
e.g. "192.168.10.1" to specify the exact IP address
.IP "host name"
e.g. "my.host.domain" to specify the machine
.IP "-"
make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control
connection
.RE
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Disable the
use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command
instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really PORT++.
Since 7.19.5, you can append \&":[start]-[end]\&" to the right of the address,
to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port range,
from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well, but do note
that it increases the risk of failure since the port may not be available.
+9
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Long: ftp-pret
Help: Send PRET before PASV
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.20.0
Category: ftp
---
Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV). Certain FTP servers,
mainly drftpd, require this non-standard command for directory listings as
well as up and downloads in PASV mode.
+15
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Long: ftp-skip-pasv-ip
Help: Skip the IP address for PASV
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.14.2
See-also: ftp-pasv
Category: ftp
---
Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in its response
to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data connection. Instead curl
will re-use the same IP address it already uses for the control
connection.
Since curl 7.74.0 this option is enabled by default.
This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead of PASV.
+12
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
Long: ftp-ssl-ccc-mode
Arg: <active/passive>
Help: Set CCC mode
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.16.2
See-also: ftp-ssl-ccc
Category: ftp tls
---
Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the shutdown, but
instead wait for the server to do it, and will not reply to the shutdown from
the server. The active mode initiates the shutdown and waits for a reply from
the server.
+11
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Long: ftp-ssl-ccc
Help: Send CCC after authenticating
Protocols: FTP
See-also: ssl ftp-ssl-ccc-mode
Added: 7.16.1
Category: ftp tls
---
Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS layer after
authenticating. The rest of the control channel communication will be
unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to follow the FTP transaction. The
default mode is passive.
+9
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
Long: ftp-ssl-control
Help: Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer
Protocols: FTP
Added: 7.16.0
Category: ftp tls
---
Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer. Allows secure
authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers for efficiency. Fails the
transfer if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS.
+470
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#!/usr/bin/env perl
#***************************************************************************
# _ _ ____ _
# Project ___| | | | _ \| |
# / __| | | | |_) | |
# | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
# \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
#
# Copyright (C) 1998 - 2021, Daniel Stenberg, <[email protected]>, et al.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
#
# You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
#
# This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.
#
###########################################################################
=begin comment
This script generates the manpage.
Example: gen.pl <command> [files] > curl.1
Dev notes:
We open *input* files in :crlf translation (a no-op on many platforms) in
case we have CRLF line endings in Windows but a perl that defaults to LF.
Unfortunately it seems some perls like msysgit can't handle a global input-only
:crlf so it has to be specified on each file open for text input.
=end comment
=cut
my %optshort;
my %optlong;
my %helplong;
my %arglong;
my %redirlong;
my %protolong;
my %catlong;
# get the long name version, return the man page string
sub manpageify {
my ($k)=@_;
my $l;
if($optlong{$k} ne "") {
# both short + long
$l = "\\fI-".$optlong{$k}.", --$k\\fP";
}
else {
# only long
$l = "\\fI--$k\\fP";
}
return $l;
}
sub printdesc {
my @desc = @_;
for my $d (@desc) {
# skip lines starting with space (examples)
if($d =~ /^[^ ]/) {
for my $k (keys %optlong) {
my $l = manpageify($k);
$d =~ s/--$k([^a-z0-9_-])/$l$1/;
}
}
print $d;
}
}
sub seealso {
my($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return sprintf
".SH \"SEE ALSO\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return "See also $data. ";
}
}
sub overrides {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"OVERRIDES\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return $data;
}
}
sub protocols {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"PROTOCOLS\"\n$data\n";
}
else {
return "($data) ";
}
}
sub added {
my ($standalone, $data)=@_;
if($standalone) {
return ".SH \"ADDED\"\nAdded in curl version $data\n";
}
else {
return "Added in $data. ";
}
}
sub single {
my ($f, $standalone)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f") ||
return 1;
my $short;
my $long;
my $tags;
my $added;
my $protocols;
my $arg;
my $mutexed;
my $requires;
my $category;
my $seealso;
my $magic; # cmdline special option
while(<F>) {
if(/^Short: *(.)/i) {
$short=$1;
}
elsif(/^Long: *(.*)/i) {
$long=$1;
}
elsif(/^Added: *(.*)/i) {
$added=$1;
}
elsif(/^Tags: *(.*)/i) {
$tags=$1;
}
elsif(/^Arg: *(.*)/i) {
$arg=$1;
}
elsif(/^Magic: *(.*)/i) {
$magic=$1;
}
elsif(/^Mutexed: *(.*)/i) {
$mutexed=$1;
}
elsif(/^Protocols: *(.*)/i) {
$protocols=$1;
}
elsif(/^See-also: *(.*)/i) {
$seealso=$1;
}
elsif(/^Requires: *(.*)/i) {
$requires=$1;
}
elsif(/^Category: *(.*)/i) {
$category=$1;
}
elsif(/^Help: *(.*)/i) {
;
}
elsif(/^---/) {
if(!$long) {
print STDERR "ERROR: no 'Long:' in $f\n";
exit 1;
}
if(!$category) {
print STDERR "ERROR: no 'Category:' in $f\n";
exit 2;
}
last;
}
else {
chomp;
print STDERR "WARN: unrecognized line in $f, ignoring:\n:'$_';"
}
}
my @desc;
while(<F>) {
push @desc, $_;
}
close(F);
my $opt;
if(defined($short) && $long) {
$opt = "-$short, --$long";
}
elsif($short && !$long) {
$opt = "-$short";
}
elsif($long && !$short) {
$opt = "--$long";
}
if($arg) {
$opt .= " $arg";
}
if($standalone) {
print ".TH curl 1 \"30 Nov 2016\" \"curl 7.52.0\" \"curl manual\"\n";
print ".SH OPTION\n";
print "curl $opt\n";
}
else {
print ".IP \"$opt\"\n";
}
if($protocols) {
print protocols($standalone, $protocols);
}
if($standalone) {
print ".SH DESCRIPTION\n";
}
printdesc(@desc);
undef @desc;
my @foot;
if($seealso) {
my @m=split(/ /, $seealso);
my $mstr;
my $and = 0;
my $num = scalar(@m);
if($num > 2) {
# use commas up to this point
$and = $num - 1;
}
my $i = 0;
for my $k (@m) {
if(!$helplong{$k}) {
print STDERR "WARN: $f see-alsos a non-existing option: $k\n";
}
my $l = manpageify($k);
my $sep = " and";
if($and && ($i < $and)) {
$sep = ",";
}
$mstr .= sprintf "%s$l", $mstr?"$sep ":"";
$i++;
}
push @foot, seealso($standalone, $mstr);
}
if($requires) {
my $l = manpageify($long);
push @foot, "$l requires that the underlying libcurl".
" was built to support $requires. ";
}
if($mutexed) {
my @m=split(/ /, $mutexed);
my $mstr;
for my $k (@m) {
if(!$helplong{$k}) {
print STDERR "WARN: $f mutexes a non-existing option: $k\n";
}
my $l = manpageify($k);
$mstr .= sprintf "%s$l", $mstr?" and ":"";
}
push @foot, overrides($standalone, "This option overrides $mstr. ");
}
if($added) {
push @foot, added($standalone, $added);
}
if($foot[0]) {
print "\n";
my $f = join("", @foot);
$f =~ s/ +\z//; # remove trailing space
print "$f\n";
}
return 0;
}
sub getshortlong {
my ($f)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f");
my $short;
my $long;
my $help;
my $arg;
my $protocols;
my $category;
while(<F>) {
if(/^Short: (.)/i) {
$short=$1;
}
elsif(/^Long: (.*)/i) {
$long=$1;
}
elsif(/^Help: (.*)/i) {
$help=$1;
}
elsif(/^Arg: (.*)/i) {
$arg=$1;
}
elsif(/^Protocols: (.*)/i) {
$protocols=$1;
}
elsif(/^Category: (.*)/i) {
$category=$1;
}
elsif(/^---/) {
last;
}
}
close(F);
if($short) {
$optshort{$short}=$long;
}
if($long) {
$optlong{$long}=$short;
$helplong{$long}=$help;
$arglong{$long}=$arg;
$protolong{$long}=$protocols;
$catlong{$long}=$category;
}
}
sub indexoptions {
my (@files) = @_;
foreach my $f (@files) {
getshortlong($f);
}
}
sub header {
my ($f)=@_;
open(F, "<:crlf", "$f");
my @d;
while(<F>) {
push @d, $_;
}
close(F);
printdesc(@d);
}
sub listhelp {
foreach my $f (sort keys %helplong) {
my $long = $f;
my $short = $optlong{$long};
my @categories = split ' ', $catlong{$long};
my $bitmask;
my $opt;
if(defined($short) && $long) {
$opt = "-$short, --$long";
}
elsif($long && !$short) {
$opt = " --$long";
}
for my $i (0 .. $#categories) {
$bitmask .= 'CURLHELP_' . uc $categories[$i];
# If not last element, append |
if($i < $#categories) {
$bitmask .= ' | ';
}
}
my $arg = $arglong{$long};
if($arg) {
$opt .= " $arg";
}
my $desc = $helplong{$f};
$desc =~ s/\"/\\\"/g; # escape double quotes
my $line = sprintf " {\"%s\",\n \"%s\",\n %s},\n", $opt, $desc, $bitmask;
if(length($opt) > 78) {
print STDERR "WARN: the --$long name is too long\n";
}
elsif(length($desc) > 78) {
print STDERR "WARN: the --$long description is too long\n";
}
print $line;
}
}
sub listcats {
my %allcats;
foreach my $f (sort keys %helplong) {
my @categories = split ' ', $catlong{$f};
foreach (@categories) {
$allcats{$_} = undef;
}
}
my @categories;
foreach my $key (keys %allcats) {
push @categories, $key;
}
@categories = sort @categories;
unshift @categories, 'hidden';
for my $i (0..$#categories) {
print '#define ' . 'CURLHELP_' . uc($categories[$i]) . ' ' . "1u << " . $i . "u\n";
}
}
sub mainpage {
my (@files) = @_;
# show the page header
header("page-header");
# output docs for all options
foreach my $f (sort @files) {
if(single($f, 0)) {
print STDERR "Can't read $f?\n";
}
}
header("page-footer");
}
sub showonly {
my ($f) = @_;
if(single($f, 1)) {
print STDERR "$f: failed\n";
}
}
sub showprotocols {
my %prots;
foreach my $f (keys %optlong) {
my @p = split(/ /, $protolong{$f});
for my $p (@p) {
$prots{$p}++;
}
}
for(sort keys %prots) {
printf "$_ (%d options)\n", $prots{$_};
}
}
sub getargs {
my ($f, @s) = @_;
if($f eq "mainpage") {
mainpage(@s);
return;
}
elsif($f eq "listhelp") {
listhelp();
return;
}
elsif($f eq "single") {
showonly($s[0]);
return;
}
elsif($f eq "protos") {
showprotocols();
return;
}
elsif($f eq "listcats") {
listcats();
return;
}
print "Usage: gen.pl <mainpage/listhelp/single FILE/protos/listcats> [files]\n";
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------
my $cmd = shift @ARGV;
my @files = @ARGV; # the rest are the files
# learn all existing options
indexoptions(@files);
getargs($cmd, @files);
+16
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
Long: get
Short: G
Help: Put the post data in the URL and use GET
Category: http upload
---
When used, this option will make all data specified with --data, --data-binary
or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP GET request instead of the POST
request that otherwise would be used. The data will be appended to the URL
with a '?' separator.
If used in combination with --head, the POST data will instead be appended to
the URL with a HEAD request.
If this option is used several times, only the first one is used. This is
because undoing a GET doesn't make sense, but you should then instead enforce
the alternative method you prefer.
+9
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
Long: globoff
Short: g
Help: Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
Category: curl
---
This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option,
you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having them being
interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL
contents but they should be encoded according to the URI standard.
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
Long: happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms
Arg: <milliseconds>
Help: Time for IPv6 before trying IPv4
Added: 7.59.0
Category: connection
---
Happy eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both IPv4 and IPv6
addresses for dual-stack hosts, preferring IPv6 first for the number of
milliseconds. If the IPv6 address cannot be connected to within that time then
a connection attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first
connection to be established is the one that is used.
The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs RFC 6555 says
"It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be paced 150-250 ms apart to
balance human factors against network load." libcurl currently defaults to
200 ms. Firefox and Chrome currently default to 300 ms.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
+12
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@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
Long: haproxy-protocol
Help: Send HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.60.0
Category: http proxy
---
Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning of the connection. This
is used by some load balancers and reverse proxies to indicate the client's
true IP address and port.
This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a service that
expects this header.
+9
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
Long: head
Short: I
Help: Show document info only
Protocols: HTTP FTP FILE
Category: http ftp file
---
Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses
to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on an FTP or FILE file,
curl displays the file size and last modification time only.
+44
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
Long: header
Short: H
Arg: <header/@file>
Help: Pass custom header(s) to server
Protocols: HTTP
Category: http
See-also: user-agent referer
---
Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP to a server. You may
specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom
header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your
externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows
you to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not
replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what you're
doing. Remove an internal header by giving a replacement without content on
the right side of the colon, as in: -H \&"Host:". If you send the custom
header with no-value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such
as \-H \&"X-Custom-Header;" to send "X-Custom-Header:".
curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent with the proper
end-of-line marker, you should thus \fBnot\fP add that as a part of the header
content: do not add newlines or carriage returns, they will only mess things
up for you.
This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then adds a header
for each line in the input file. Using @- will make curl read the header file
from stdin. Added in 7.55.0.
You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for a HTTP
proxy. Added in 7.37.0.
Passing on a "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" header when doing a HTTP request
with a request body, will make curl send the data using chunked encoding.
Example:
curl -H "X-First-Name: Joe" http://example.com/
\fBWARNING\fP: headers set with this option will be set in all requests - even
after redirects are followed, like when told with --location. This can lead to
the header being sent to other hosts than the original host, so sensitive
headers should be used with caution combined with following redirects.
This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers.
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Long: help
Arg: <category>
Short: h
Help: Get help for commands
Category: important curl
---
Usage help. This lists all commands of the <category>.
If no arg was provided, curl will display the most important
command line arguments.
If the argument "all" was provided, curl will display all options available.
If the argument "category" was provided, curl will display all categories and
their meanings.
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Long: hostpubmd5
Arg: <md5>
Help: Acceptable MD5 hash of the host public key
Protocols: SFTP SCP
Added: 7.17.1
Category: sftp scp
---
Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The string should
be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's public key, curl will refuse
the connection with the host unless the md5sums match.
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Long: hsts
Arg: <file name>
Protocols: HTTPS
Help: Enable HSTS with this cache file
Added: 7.74.0
Category: http
---
WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production.
This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file name points to an
existing HSTS cache file, that will be used. After a completed transfer, the
cache will be saved to the file name again if it has been modified.
Specify a "" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and make curl
just handle HSTS in memory.
If this option is used several times, curl will load contents from all the
files but the last one will be used for saving.
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Long: http0.9
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added:
Help: Allow HTTP 0.9 responses
Category: http
---
Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.
HTTP/0.9 is a completely headerless response and therefore you can also
connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a response since curl will
simply transparently downgrade - if allowed.
Since curl 7.66.0, HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default.
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Short: 0
Long: http1.0
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added:
Mutexed: http1.1 http2
Help: Use HTTP 1.0
Category: http
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its internally preferred
HTTP version.
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Long: http1.1
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.33.0
Mutexed: http1.0 http2
Help: Use HTTP 1.1
Category: http
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1.
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
Long: http2-prior-knowledge
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.49.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2
Requires: HTTP/2
Help: Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade
Category: http
---
Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1
Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge that the server supports HTTP/2 straight
away. HTTPS requests will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated
protocol version in the TLS handshake.
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Long: http2
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.33.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2-prior-knowledge
Requires: HTTP/2
See-also: no-alpn
Help: Use HTTP 2
See-also: http1.1 http3
Category: http
---
Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.
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Long: http3
Tags: Versions
Protocols: HTTP
Added: 7.66.0
Mutexed: http1.1 http1.0 http2 http2-prior-knowledge
Requires: HTTP/3
Help: Use HTTP v3
See-also: http1.1 http2
Category: http
---
WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in production.
Tells curl to use HTTP version 3 directly to the host and port number used in
the URL. A normal HTTP/3 transaction will be done to a host and then get
redirected via Alt-SVc, but this option allows a user to circumvent that when
you know that the target speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.
This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be established, it
cannot fall back to a lower HTTP version on its own.
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Long: ignore-content-length
Help: Ignore the size of the remote resource
Protocols: FTP HTTP
Category: http ftp
---
For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for
servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incorrect Content-Length for
files larger than 2 gigabytes.
For FTP (since 7.46.0), skip the RETR command to figure out the size before
downloading a file.
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Long: include
Short: i
Help: Include protocol response headers in the output
See-also: verbose
Category: important verbose
---
Include the HTTP response headers in the output. The HTTP response headers can
include things like server name, cookies, date of the document, HTTP version
and more...
To view the request headers, consider the --verbose option.
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Long: insecure
Short: k
Help: Allow insecure server connections when using SSL
Protocols: TLS
See-also: proxy-insecure cacert
Category: tls
---
By default, every SSL connection curl makes is verified to be secure. This
option allows curl to proceed and operate even for server connections
otherwise considered insecure.
The server connection is verified by making sure the server's certificate
contains the right name and verifies successfully using the cert store.
See this online resource for further details:
https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html
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Long: interface
Arg: <name>
Help: Use network INTERFACE (or address)
See-also: dns-interface
Category: connection
---
Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface
name, IP address or host name. An example could look like:
curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs to either
have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More information about Linux VRF:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt
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Short: 4
Long: ipv4
Tags: Versions
Protocols:
Added:
Mutexed: ipv6
Requires:
See-also: http1.1 http2
Help: Resolve names to IPv4 addresses
Category: connection dns
---
This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv4 addresses only, and not for
example try IPv6.
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Short: 6
Long: ipv6
Tags: Versions
Protocols:
Added:
Mutexed: ipv4
Requires:
See-also: http1.1 http2
Help: Resolve names to IPv6 addresses
Category: connection dns
---
This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv6 addresses only, and not for
example try IPv4.
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Long: junk-session-cookies
Short: j
Help: Ignore session cookies read from file
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: cookie cookie-jar
Category: http
---
When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it
discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if
a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when
they're closed down.
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Long: keepalive-time
Arg: <seconds>
Help: Interval time for keepalive probes
Added: 7.18.0
Category: connection
---
This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle before sending
keepalive probes and the time between individual keepalive probes. It is
currently effective on operating systems offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and
TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). This
option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. If
unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.
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Long: key-type
Arg: <type>
Help: Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG)
Protocols: TLS
Category: tls
---
Private key file type. Specify which type your --key provided private key
is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not specified, PEM is assumed.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: key
Arg: <key>
Protocols: TLS SSH
Help: Private key file name
Category: tls ssh
---
Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate
file. For SSH, if not specified, curl tries the following candidates in order:
\&'~/.ssh/id_rsa', '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'.
If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11 is available,
then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to specify a private key located in a
PKCS#11 device. A string beginning with "pkcs11:" will be interpreted as a
PKCS#11 URI. If a PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set
as "pkcs11" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be set as
"ENG" if none was provided.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: krb
Arg: <level>
Help: Enable Kerberos with security <level>
Protocols: FTP
Requires: Kerberos
Category: ftp
---
Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be entered and should
be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or 'private'. Should you use a
level that is not one of these, 'private' will instead be used.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: libcurl
Arg: <file>
Help: Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
Added: 7.16.1
Category: curl
---
Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you will get a
libcurl-using C source code written to the file that does the equivalent
of what your command-line operation does!
If this option is used several times, the last given file name will be
used.
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Long: limit-rate
Arg: <speed>
Help: Limit transfer speed to RATE
Category: connection
---
Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for both downloads
and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and you'd like
your transfer not to use your entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it
otherwise would be.
The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended.
Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it
megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.
If you also use the --speed-limit option, that option will take precedence and
might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit
logic working.
If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
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Long: list-only
Short: l
Protocols: FTP POP3
Help: List only mode
Added: 4.0
Category: ftp pop3
---
(FTP)
When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-only view. This is
especially useful if the user wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP
directory since the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look or
format. When used like this, the option causes a NLST command to be sent to
the server instead of LIST.
Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not
include sub-directories and symbolic links.
(POP3)
When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch forces a LIST command
to be performed instead of RETR. This is particularly useful if the user wants
to see if a specific message id exists on the server and what size it is.
Note: When combined with --request, this option can be used to send an UIDL
command instead, so the user may use the email's unique identifier rather than
it's message id to make the request.
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Long: local-port
Arg: <num/range>
Help: Force use of RANGE for local port numbers
Added: 7.15.2
Category: connection
---
Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port numbers to use
for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by nature are a scarce resource
that will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might
cause unnecessary connection setup failures.
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Long: location-trusted
Help: Like --location, and send auth to other hosts
Protocols: HTTP
See-also: user
Category: http auth
---
Like --location, but will allow sending the name + password to all hosts that
the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if
the site redirects you to a site to which you'll send your authentication info
(which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).

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